- Discuss with the adviser that is Sir Hisham Mohd Desa(HMD) about the title of the
project.
- Search some information about the project that I have been choose.Title of the Project:
Home Monitoring of Snoring
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Why I choose this
title?
This is because everybody in the world has the problem with
breathing while sleeping. This is so poor to the person that snores while
sleeping. Kids, teenagers or old people, all of them are snore while sleeping
with various sound levels. We can die of Sleep Apnea, a sleeping disorder in
which if we take long pauses while breathing in our sleep. However, most times our
brain will eventually wake you up and make you take a breath. Snoring is a
condition that is actually very bad because it reveals problems with our
respiratory system. Let I introduce what is snoring.
What is snoring?
Snoring is a noise produced when an individual breathes
(usually produced when breathing in) during sleep which in turn causes
vibration of the soft palate and uvula (that thing that hangs down in the back
of the throat). The word "apnea" means the abscence of breathing.
Snoring also is defined as a coarse sound made by vibrations
of the soft palate and other tissue in the mouth, nose & throat (upper
airway). It is caused by turbulence inside the airway during inspiration. The
turbulence is caused by a partial blockage that may be located anywhere from
the tip of the nose to the vocal chords. The restriction may occur only during
sleep, or it may persist all the time and be worse when we are asleep. This is
because our muscle tone is reduced during sleep and there may be insufficient
muscle tone to prevent the airway tissue vibrating. During waking hours muscle
tone keeps the airway in good shape; that's why we don't snore when awake.
Figure 1 : Show the structure of the nose and part of breathing
involved.
Depending upon the degree of obstruction, the patient either
exhibits partial collapse of the soft tissues of the upper airway and produces
a noise, which we refer to as snoring, or with total obstruction of any portion
of the collapsible airway, can experience a condition called apnea (total
cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or longer), or hypopnea (50% or greater
decreased in air exchange for 10 seconds or longer).
As a direct consequence of obstruction, the C02 in the blood
increases and the oxygen level in the patient’s blood decreases proportionate
to the severity of the airway obstruction. This disruptive pattern of breathing
generates disruptive sleep patterns, the consequences of which being that those
individuals exhibit increased fatigability, lethargy, decreased ability to
concentrate, increased irritability, and morning headaches. Basically, those
individuals are extremely tired due to their inability to get a good night’s sleep.
The immediate consequences of obstructive sleep apnea are
readily recognizable. However, not so easily recognizable are the long-term
cardiovascular effects secondary to obstructive sleep apnea that lead to an
estimated 30,000 to 40,000 cardiovascular/cerebrovascular deaths per year.
Untreated obstructive sleep apnea ultimately leads to an increased incidence of
pulmonary and systemic high blood pressure and ventricular hypertrophy
(thickening of the heart muscle). Moreover, significant decreases in the oxygen
saturation of the blood during apneic episodes can lead to potentially lethal
arrhythmia (alteration in the rhythm of the heart).
What causes the
snoring?
While we are breathing, air flows in and out in a steady
stream from our nose or mouth to our lungs. There are relatively few sounds
when we are sitting and breathing quietly. When we exercise, the air moves more
quickly and produces some sounds as we breathe. This happens because air is
moving in and out of the nose and mouth more quickly and this results in more
turbulence to the airflow and some vibration of the tissues in the nose and
mouth.
When we are asleep, the area at the back of the throat
sometimes narrows. The same amount of air passing through this smaller opening
can cause the tissues surrounding the opening to vibrate, which in turn can
cause the sounds of snoring. Different people who snore have different reasons
for the narrowing. The narrowing can be in the nose, mouth, or throat.
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles that support
the soft tissues in your throat, such as your tongue and soft palate,
temporarily relax. When these muscles relax, your airway is narrowed or closed,
and breathing is momentarily cut off. When the muscles relax, your airway
narrows or closes as you breathe in, and breathing momentarily stops. This may
lower the level of oxygen in your blood. Your brain senses this inability to
breathe and briefly rouses you from sleep so you can reopen your airway. This awakening
is usually so brief that you don't remember it.
Sleeping position and
snoring
When we are asleep, we are usually (though not always) lying
down. Gravity acts to pull on all the tissues of the body, but the tissues of
the pharynx are relatively soft and floppy. Therefore, when we lie on our
backs, gravity pulls the palate, tonsils, and tongue backwards. This often
narrows the airway enough to cause turbulence in airflow, tissue vibration, and
snoring. Frequently, if the snorer is gently reminded (for example, with a
gentle thrust of the elbow to the ribs or a tickle) to roll onto his or her side,
the tissues are no longer pulled backwards and the snoring lessens.
References
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