week 14(presentation day)

Industry Day!!!
This week is industry day.Where my project will be demo to the assessor. My assesssor are Sir Ismail Bin Adam from electronics section and Sir Ahmad Sabri from Medical electronics sections.
Unfortunately,my projects is not working as I hope due to the technical problems. Thanks to my supervisor,Sir Hisham Mohd Desa because help me a lot. I am sorry because my projects is not working as do you aspect.
Thank you also to my assessor on the industry day,both of them give positive comment although my projects is not working.

On this week, I was continue for report chapter 4 and 5.In chapter 4, the result were come out and chapter 5 the conclusion.

Chapter 4(result)
Real result

figure 14.1

figure 14.2

Both picture is the result of my projects. Why not working??

Why this project is unsuccessful?

This is because the flexi sensor is not suitable to attach on the bent ruler. The properties of the flexi sensor is bent when the force were applied to it. But, before  attach on the bent ruler,the flexi sensor was bent first. So that, the range of the sensor are run out. Moreover, when I was attached the flexi force, the bent of that sensor was in maximum bent.

Why use bent ruler?

This is to get the real force that bite by mouth of the people. Moreover, to get force, the properties of the device must be hard and flexible to the mouth of people.

Chapter 5(conclusion)

This final year project “mouth assessment” is the very simple project and easy to understands. It has been designed to make the benefits to the people and the doctor as well. The people will buy this device and will bring at home and the doctor will check the data from this device and know how to treat their jaws.

Based on this whole report of this project can conclude that the main objectives were unsuccessful achieved. This project is unsuccessfully function such as it is required. The system is not complicated as it only requires the basic components for overall project. The errors occurred in the system are difficult to identify due to the unwell organized in the circuit implementation.

For the overall, one day this project will successfully done in Malaysia and will help the people that experienced injured on the mouth jaws.

week 13

On this week,I was doing poster and report for chapter 1,2 and 3

figure 13.1: poster for industry day,next week.

I put here,just the summary report for chapter 1,2 and 3.

 Summary of Chapter 1

“Mouth Assessment” is a system that can help the patient by detecting his/her force of human’s jaws. Moreover, the doctor also will know how to treat his/her patient by using this device. By using the microcontroller of Arduino had been design to process the data and display the result.

This chapter describes the background of the project. It include research about the problem we facing nowadays and how this device can solve the problem. This chapter also discusses the requirements need in completing the device.

Summary of Chapter 2

In this chapter, learned about the basic knowledge of component electronics and the types of devices electronic that can use also the application of it generally some of them also used many things in circuit electronic.

The previous project is very interesting. Although it is not exactly the same but it gives some ideas on how to start my project. This example can help in constructing circuit and testing result. But, in Malaysia does not yet this device. By the way, I was trying to do simple device to the Malaysians.

Summary of Chapter 3

The methodology is an important part to making a project becomes more efficient and extremely proper. The methods used are intended to provide an extremely good impact to the project. With this working method, the system is a way to make the project better than no method. With the flow chart and block diagram, will better understand the project and facilitate us in this project. The methods often can help us in arranging the project became better and more proper.

For the development of software state the main controller and the programming language that have been use. Before write the program, need to develop a flow chart. This is to know how the project function using the software. The break down is clear and very easy to understand, the method is simple and most importantly the step is neat and tidy.

week 12

figure 12.2: the circuit is applied to the pcb board.

figure 12.1: the sensor attach to the bent ruler

When the sensor was attached to the bent ruler and connected to the circuit of pcd board,this project are not working. May be the connection in the pcb board.

week 11

figure 11.3: flexi sensor when bent

figure 11.1: this is circuit that I was set up.Flexi sensor with arduino and LCD

figure 11.2: the flexi sensor without bent

week 10

figure 10.2: circuit flex sensor with arduino

figure 10.1; this is basic flex sensor














more information:
http://garagelab.com/profiles/blogs/tutorial-flex-sensor-with-arduino
http://devices.sapp.org/component/flex/

week 9

Activity: Create mechanism of mouth assessment!

Fisrt : Find material like iron such as ruler.
Then, make two hole like this picture(Figure 1and Figure 2).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Then,bent at the end of both side of ruler.(Figure 3)

Figure 3

The purpose of that hole is to put a screw.

Figure 4

Figure 5

But, I need more length than on these pictures.Maximum 3 inch.So, I must find it in wherever hardware shop.

One more things,I need a few spring anymore.Now I just have two spring.It is not enough for the lenght of my screw.

Figure 6: springs.

week 8

Final sensor!!!
Flexi sensor...

Figure 1 : This is flexi force.

What is flexi force??
 unique component that changes resistance when bent.

Figure 2: Flexi force can be bent.

 An un-flexed sensor has a nominal resistance of 10,000 ohms (10 K). As the flex sensor is bent in either direction the resistance gradually decreases. They convert the change in bend to electrical resistance - the more the bend, the more the resistance value.

 On MyDuino,have 2 length,those are "4.5" and "2.2" with different prices.

Figure 3: Flexi force "4.5" in length with RM65.00

Figure 4: Flexi force in length "2.2" with RM45.00

Application :
 gaming gloves, auto controls, fitness products, measuring devices, assistive technology, musical instruments, joysticks, and more.


 More information,visit this website: 
http://www.imagesco.com/sensors/flex-sensor.html 
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8606? 
http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/sensors/Reports/Flex 
http://www.myduino.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=39&product_id=211 
http://www.myduino.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=39&product_id=180 

week 7

This week I buy flexiforce sensor at cytron.The famous buy online.

Figure 1: Post letter arrived

Figure 2: The flexiforce sensor is inside the box.

week 6

Due to the load cell sensor cannot use anymore,I change my sensor.The suitable sensor is Flexiforce sensor.

What is Flexiforce sensor?

Figure 1: Flexiforce sensor.

figure 2: structure of flexiforce sensor

Figure 3: small size of flexiforce

Figure 4: another size of flexiforce

References
 http://www.prweb.com/releases/zif-compatible/flexiforce/prweb4192224.htm

http://www.c-stamp.com/CS497000.htm

week 5

Activity : Testing circuit with load cell sensor

Component or equipment: load cell sensor,trainer,resistor 1kohm,multimeter

Result: By using wheatstone bridge circuit, the load cell not successfully produce the fix range. Beside that, the non- stability were result. The range is not stable.

Conclusion : The load cell sensor have 2 strain gauge.So that, when the force applied to the sensor, the range is not stabilize. Cannot produce fix rate. Moreover, the load cell sensor is not suitable to the mouth.

week 4

wheatstone bridge ??

Why I'm talking about 'Wheatstone bridge'?because this relate with my circuit and load cell sensor.

 Wheatstone Bridge is a device for measuring electrical resistance. When the bridge is connected in an electrical circuit, part of the current flows to the object whose resistance is unknown, and part flows to the resistor of known resistance. If more current flows through one side of the circuit than the other, the galvanometer shows the difference. The sliding contact is then moved along the wire until current flows equally along both sides of the bridge and the galvanometer shows zero.

 When the bridge is thus balanced, the unknown resistance is calculated by a formula. The formula is: X = RD'/D (X is the unknown resistance. R is the known resistance. D is the distance from the key to the right end of the meter stick. D' is the distance from the key to the left end.)

more information,visit these website
http://www.play-hookey.com/dc_theory/wheatstone_bridge.html
http://www.absorblearning.com/advancedphysics/demo/units/020202.html
http://www.citycollegiate.com/wheatstone_bridge.htm
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/E-Meter/wheatstone.html

Video about wheatsone bridge

week 3

Strain gauge has related with load cell sensor.The strain gauge has been in use for many years and fundamental for any other sensor such as pressure sensor and etc.

 When external forces are applied to a stationary object, stress and strain are the result. Stress is defined as the object's internal resisting forces, and strain is defined as the displacement and deformation that occur.

 Strain may be compressive or tensile and is typically measured by strain gages. It was Lord Kelvin who first reported in 1856 that metallic conductors subjected to mechanical strain exhibit a change in their electrical resistance. This phenomenon was first put to practical use in the 1930s.
Figure above is define as stress and strain.

Visit a few website to get knowledgeable about strain gauge.
http://www.sensorland.com/HowPage002.html 
http://www.omega.com/literature/transactions/volume3/strain.html 
http://www.dynasen.com/html/stressstraingages.html 

week 2

I'm still in research about my project. I have to change my previous sensor that is FSR sensor,to load cell sensor. FSR sensor having problem to get precision measurement. So, I try to test with this load cell sensor.I buy load cell sensor at Jalan Pasar,Kuala Lumpur with RM55.00.

Figure above is load cell sensor.Have 4 different colour of wires. This is web that content the datasheet and specification of load cell sensor,http://www.phidgets.com/products.php?product_id=3133_0

week 1(fyp 2)

Assalamualaikum and welcome to the S2'2012. So, this semester become fyp 2.More information I will update on this semester regarding the process of my project.'mouth assessment'.

For this week I want to present about load cell sensor.

 Load cell is the transducer that is used to convert force into electrical signal. As compare to FSR(force sensing resistor), the load cell sensor suitable to get precision measurement.

figure above is hardware install.

For more information about load cell sensor visit this webwww.sensorland.com/HowPage005.html

week 14

More about FSR
FSR pro’s and con’s:

FSRs are just resistors, so they are easy to work into circuits, and sometimes don’t require any support circuitry. They are also relatively inexpensive and readily available, even Digikey has started carrying the Interlink FSRs. But, unfortunately, that is where the pro’s end. The main drawback to FSRs is a result of its central component – the spongey resistive material in the middle. Just like a sponge, it takes a while to re-inflate after its been compressed. And worse yet, this re-inflation time is a function of how long and how hard you pressed on it.  After you release, the FSR value will come back to 95% of its initial value almost instantly, and then drift that final 5% over the next 10 seconds.

The inner material is also very sensitive to how it is pressed. It has a non-linear pressure response which varies with time, temperature, humidity, and even between parts of the same production batch. This makes the FSR a poor choice where accuracy and repeatability are a concern, especially across many units. Fortunately, a lot of musical applications have a human in the feedback loop who is able to just press harder or softer to get the desired effect, making this inaccuracy of less concern.

Finally, FSRs can also be very fragile. They are made of thin, laminated plastics, and are frequently placed under high forces.

Which FSR should I use?

The main two manufacturers of FSR sensors are Interlink and FlexiForce. Interlink FSRs come in a wide range of shapes, are relatively inexpensive, and fairly robust. On the downside, they vary greatly between units, have a lot of resistance drift over time, and are a bit slow to respond. The FlexiForce sensors, on the other hand, tend to be more accurate and repeatable, but are more expensive and fragile. In applications where exact forces don’t need to be measured, the Interlink products will probably serve you best. For more repeatable results, the FlexiForce sensors will be better (as they rely on the piezoresistive effect). But, if you really need consistent results, an FSR isn’t the best choice, and a load-cell or strain guage should be used.

more details at http://www.openmusiclabs.com/learning/sensors/fsr/

week 13

There has a few video that relate of FSR sensor and arduino.These video just the tutorial of FSR sensor with Arduino.

This figure show one LED. When touch the FSR sensor, the LED will on.

This video used 4 LED,when touch the FSR sensor, the LED will turn on.When in the dark condition,when touch the FSR sensor, the LED also will turn on more clearly.

FSR - Single Zone 0.5" Sensor - Interlink Electronics' patented Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) in a cross shape.

week 13

What is arduino?Arduino is a new microcontroller that very easy and can be understand.Arduino also is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. To be more detail with arduino software,this website will tell us more detail about it, http://arduino.cc/hu/Guide/Introduction The different between Arduino Uno and Arduino Duemilanove based on this picture

Arduino Uno is the latest version of Arduino Duemilanove. There are more of similarities between the two so that with no questions a Arduino Uno can be used in place of Arduino Duemilanove. The main difference is the substitution of the Atmel ATmega8u2 in place of the older FTDI chip. The '8u2 has been programmed to act like a USB-serial converter. The second difference is the new bootloader which takes up only 512b compared to the original 2k, and is faster. Other than that they aren't notable differences.

week 12

On this week, preparation of presentation FYP.It occur at thursday,12 april 2012 at Gemilang Hall.My no is 64.My assessor are madam Zabariah binti Zakaria(ZBZ) from medical electronic section and sir Azman Abdul Aziz(AAA)from electronic section. There are various question from them that assess me at 4.00P.M. From them, I need to improve my project with add more function to make interesting. I take this comment kindly and insyallah I will do it.

week 11

On this week, i was buy FSR sensor at MyDuino.com. FSR sensor is so difficult to find even at Jalan Pasar. I don't know why. So, I found at this website www.MyDuino.com.
Below is the picture of FSR sensor.

FSR sensor for 1 unit is RM25.00 and I must buy 2 unit,so be RM50.00. PLus, shipping RM7.

week 10

This week I present about the sensor that I have to used.That is FSR sensor. Force Sensing Resistors are a polymer thick film(PTF) device which exhibits a decrease in resistance with an increase in the force applied to the active surface. This is the website that tells us about FSR sensor.
http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/fsr.html
www.techstorm.co.kr/Download/fsr-sensor.pdf

week 9

On this week, I have research my new title,'mouth assessment'.Below are the website that about 'mouth assessment;
(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_assessment
On this website, mention about description of mouth,what inside the mouth and the importance health.Mouth is very important to our digestive system and respiratory system.
(2) http://www.slideshare.net/kharr/assessment-of-the-mouth-nose
On this website, is about physical assessment of mouth and throat.It is also about inspection of lips,inspect the buccal mucosa,inspect palpate and tongue,assess the ventral surface of the tongue, inspect of Wharton's duct,observe the side of tongue,check the strenght of the tongue,check the anterior tongue's ability to taste,inspect tonsils, and others.

week 8

I have to change my current title.This is because the motor that I want to used as a part of my project component does not have suitable pressure and valve.So that, I change my title to 'mouth assessment' as my new project.

week 7

on this week, I would like to present about the what is microphone and the characteristics about microphone generally.Below is the web that related to the characteristic of microphone.

http://www.btinternet.com/~paformusic/mics.htm

This website also tell us how microphone work

http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/how-microphones-work.html

week 6

http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/medicine/sleep-apnea.htm

It is about Sleep Apnea - Self Diagnosis and Treatment
Self-Diagnosis - MAD Device - Tilt Bed - Polysomnogram - Treatment

week 5

http://www.japantrendshop.com/hitech-snore-stopper-pillow-p-253.html

On this website, have a snore pillow made from Japan. Below is the video about how the pillow works.

week 4

Title : Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

Figure 1: Diagrammatic an open airway during sleep

Figure 2 : A blocked airway

The blockage shown is caused by the soft tissue at the base of the tongue collapsing and preventing the flow of air.

During sleep, the OSA sufferer cycles through a series of events:

• The airway becomes blocked and the sufferer does not breathe,

• Blood oxygenation saturation (SaO2) decreases, causing the heart to pump faster,

• The sleeper arouses to open their airway and breathe,

• The sufferer falls asleep again.

Diagnosing OSA

The gold standard in diagnosis of OSA is polysomnography. Originally developed by Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman at the University of Chicago in the 1950s, polysomnography takes multiple physiological measurements of the patient being studied. This combined data is used in the diagnosis of apnoea events. The physiological measurements recorded can include:

•              Electroencephalogram EEG (brain electrical activity)

•              Electroculogram EOG (eye movement)

•              Electromyogram EMG (jaw muscle movement)

•              Leg muscle movement

•              Airflow

•              Respiratory effort (chest and abdominal excursion)

•              Electrocardiogram ECG

•              Oxygen saturation SaO2

•              Audio and visual recording of nocturnal sounds and movements

Stage 0 (or preclinical)	Sporadic obstructive apnoeas
Stage I (or initial)	Obstructive apnoeas persisting during light (stage 1-2) and REM sleep
Stage II (or overt)	Obstructive apnoeas persisting for the whole length of sleep
Stage III (or complicated)	Alveolar hypoventilation persisting during wakefulness.

Table 1. Four stage scale of snoring noises proposed by Lugaresi et el.

Treatment of OSA

It was between 1960 – 1980 that OSA was clearly defined as a clinical disease and the only clinical treatment was surgical intervention (3). In 1981 a device was described that kept the airway open by passing a continuous stream of air through the airway, which is known as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) (5). This device is the method of choice for prevention of airway blockage for sufferers of OSA.

 

Snoring Detector

One simple method to screen a person for potential OSA in their own home is the analysis of their snore sounds. The basic premise behind these studies was to determine whether the snoring sound generated was related to OSA status.

Week 3

This is article from another website about snoring detector

Introduction

The use of polysomnographic recording is a standard evaluation procedure for SRBD patients.

However, it is expensive and is not suitable for long term monitoring. Penzel developed a digital

recording device called MESAM IV, to monitor oxygen saturation, heart rate, snoring, and body

position in order to screen subjects for OSAS . They also indicated that this inexpensive implementation would allow the development of homecare systems for the analysis and long term monitoring of snoring.

The automatic scoring system of MESAM IV calculates oxygen desaturation index (ODI), heart rate variation index (HVI) and intermittent snoring index (ISI) to obtain an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). The snoring sounds are recorded by means of a laryngeal microphone. If the proportion of sounds between 50Hz and 800Hz exceeds 50%, it is assumed that there is snoring. Intermittent snoring is defined as intervals between two detected snores longer than 5 seconds and shorter than 60 seconds. Evaluating snoring interval analysis on 68 patients with all degrees of obstructive sleep apnea, Penzel et al[6]. reported that correlation between snoring interval analysis and polysomnographically scored apneas was moderate (r=0.51) . Following this development, a number of validation studies on MESAM IV were presented [7-

11]. In those studies, the intermittent snoring index was found to have high sensitivity (92%-96%) but low specificity (16%-27%).

Diagram 1 : Structure of snore detector

Figure 1 : The prototype of snoring detector.

Below are the signal of snoring detector

Figure 2: Original signal taken by a microphone and A/D converter at 2kHz

Figure 3 : The reference voltage is set to zero, and all signals are set to have positive voltage

Figure 4: Extraction of the profile by finding the maximum voltage value in every 10 points (200Hz)

Figure 5: 10-points sum to amplify the peaks (20Hz)

Figure 6 : 10-point moving average to smooth the curve

Figure 7 : Sample data of snores and intermittent snores detection

 

Table 1 : Evaluation of the snoring detector in a lab environment

 

Table 2 : Evaluation of the snoring detector in a home environment